Taking care of your health means being aware of your body and recognizing any changes early. For people with testicles, one important way to do this is through a testicular self-exam (TSE). This quick and simple check can help detect any unusual lumps, swelling, or changes that might need medical attention.
In this article, we’ll explain why a testicular self-exam is important, how to do it step-by-step, what to look for, and when to see a healthcare provider — all in a clear, non-intimidating way.
Why Perform a Testicular Self-Exam?
Testicular cancer is one of the most common cancers in males aged 15 to 35. The good news? It’s highly treatable when caught early. Performing regular self-exams helps you become familiar with your testicles so you can notice any changes right away.
Benefits of a testicular self-exam include:
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Early detection of lumps or abnormalities.
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Increased awareness of your body.
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Prompt medical consultation if changes are found.
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Peace of mind when everything feels normal.
When Should You Do a Testicular Self-Exam?
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Aim to perform the exam once a month.
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The best time is after a warm bath or shower, when the scrotum is relaxed and easier to examine.
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Choose a private, comfortable space where you won’t be interrupted.
How to Perform a Testicular Self-Exam: Step-by-Step
Follow these simple steps to check your testicles thoroughly:
1. Get Comfortable
Stand in front of a mirror in a well-lit room. Look for any swelling or changes in the skin of the scrotum.
2. Examine One Testicle at a Time
Use both hands to gently roll one testicle between your thumbs and fingers. Don’t press too hard — just enough to feel the surface.
3. Feel for Lumps or Changes
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The testicles normally feel smooth, oval-shaped, and firm but not hard.
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It’s normal for one testicle to be slightly larger or hang lower than the other.
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Locate the epididymis — a soft, tube-like structure at the back of each testicle that collects and carries sperm. It can feel like a small lump but is normal.
4. Check for Any of These Signs
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Hard lumps or nodules.
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Smooth or rounded bumps.
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Enlargement or swelling.
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Any areas that feel heavier or different from usual.
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Pain or discomfort.
5. Repeat on the Other Testicle
Use the same method to check the second testicle.
What to Know About Normal vs. Abnormal Findings
Normal Findings:
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Testicles feel firm, smooth, and slightly soft.
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No sudden changes in size or shape.
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Epididymis feels like a soft tube, located behind the testicle.
Possible Signs to Watch For:
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A lump or hard area on or within the testicle.
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Swelling or increase in size.
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A feeling of heaviness or dull ache in the lower abdomen or scrotum.
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Sudden collection of fluid in the scrotum.
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Any pain or discomfort that persists.
When to See a Doctor
If you notice any of the following, it’s important to seek medical advice promptly:
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A painless lump or swelling.
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Pain or discomfort that doesn’t go away.
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Changes in size, shape, or feel of the testicles.
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A feeling of heaviness or unusual fullness in the scrotum.
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Sudden fluid buildup or redness.
Remember, most lumps or abnormalities are not cancer, but it’s best to get checked early for peace of mind and proper care.
Tips to Make the Exam a Habit
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Pick a specific day each month to perform your self-exam, such as the first day of the month.
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Link it with another regular activity (like after your shower).
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Keep a journal or note on your phone to track findings or remind yourself.
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Don’t be afraid to ask your healthcare provider to demonstrate how to do it correctly during your next check-up.
Addressing Common Concerns
“Is this uncomfortable or painful?”
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The exam should not be painful. If you feel pain, check gently or stop and consult a doctor.
“What if I find a lump?”
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Don’t panic. Many lumps are harmless cysts or benign conditions.
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See a healthcare professional promptly for evaluation.
“Can this prevent cancer?”
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The exam doesn’t prevent cancer but helps detect it early when treatment is most effective.
Additional Facts About Testicular Health
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Testicular cancer is rare but treatable.
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Risk factors include family history, undescended testicle(s), or previous testicular cancer.
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Most testicular cancers occur in young men but can happen at any age.
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Regular exams and knowing your body are key to early detection.
Summary: Your Health, Your Responsibility
| Step | What to Do |
|---|---|
| Choose a warm time | After a shower or bath |
| Examine each testicle | Roll gently with both hands |
| Feel for lumps | Look for hard lumps or changes in size/shape |
| Check for pain/swelling | Note any discomfort or swelling |
| See a doctor if needed | For any unusual findings or persistent pain |
Final Thoughts
Performing a testicular self-exam is a simple yet powerful way to take charge of your health. It only takes a few minutes each month and can make a huge difference in catching potential problems early.
If you’re unsure about the process or find something unusual, don’t hesitate to speak with a healthcare provider — they are there to support you and answer any questions.
Remember, knowing your body is a sign of strength and self-care!
